@article { author = {Ghanbari Gohari, Faezeh and Akhlaghi, Masoumeh}, title = {The Effect of Phytoestrogens on Cognitive Function and Alzheimer's Disease}, journal = {International Journal of Nutrition Sciences}, volume = {3}, number = {4}, pages = {172-176}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2538-1873}, eissn = {2538-2829}, doi = {}, abstract = {Dementia is a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to a significant cognitive loss. It was shown that the rise in life expectancy and the number of elderly people in the community led to an increasing trend in incidence and prevalence of Alzheimer's disease. Several studies reported that nutritional factors can affect the development and rate of the disease. Food strategies and lifestyle may be effective in prevention of Alzheimer's development. Phytoestrogens are non-estradiol compounds with a di-phenolic and heterocyclic structure. Phytoestrogens have potential to bind to estrogen receptors and exhibit biological properties of estrogen. They are estrogen receptor modulators, acting as estrogen agonists or antagonists. Through binding to estrogen receptors, phytoestrogens may increase survival, growth, and plasticity of brain cells. One of the most important effects of phytoestrogens is improvement of visual-spatial memory. Acting as estrogen, phytoestrogens promote the cognition and memory through improvement of endothelium vasodilatation and increase supplying blood to brain cells. In addition, phytoestrogens possess antioxidant capacity which may prevent neurodegenerative diseases when passing through the blood-brain barrier. The use of phytoestrogens and their dietary sources such as soybeans can be beneficial in prevention of Alzheimer's disease.}, keywords = {Phytoestrogens,Alzheimer’s disease,Dementia,Cognition}, url = {https://ijns.sums.ac.ir/article_43459.html}, eprint = {https://ijns.sums.ac.ir/article_43459_cc84f46563364b47a4d6e60382afb542.pdf} } @article { author = {Bagheri, Shabnam and Ekramzadeh, Maryam}, title = {Metabolic Profile and Nutritional Status of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients}, journal = {International Journal of Nutrition Sciences}, volume = {3}, number = {4}, pages = {177-184}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2538-1873}, eissn = {2538-2829}, doi = {}, abstract = {The global burden of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is increasing, suggesting that it will become the third leading cause of death and disability worldwide by the year 2020. The brain is known to be the functional regulator for all the metabolic activities inside the body and TBI patients that mostly have a complex metabolic alteration. There are consistent data showing that increased metabolic rate with rapid protein breakdown is common in patients with moderate and severe TBI. The aim of the current scoping review was to summarize the metabolic profile and nutritional status of TBI patients, and to investigate the influence of nutrition therapy on clinical outcomes. A review of the literature published between 2012 and 2017 was conducted. Three databases were searched including PubMed, Google Scholar, and clinical key. Hypermetabolism and malnutrition were known as physiologic consequences of TBI. Pathophysiological mechanisms of malnutrition were multifactorial and related to inadequate nutrient ingestion, abnormalities in the energy expenditure, changes in eating behavior, gastrointestinal disorders, and also side effects of drugs administered. The goal of nutrition therapy is to oppose the hypercatabolism and hypermetabolism. Initiation of nutrition support should begin as soon as the patient has been stabilized and resuscitated.}, keywords = {Brain injuries,Traumatic,Hypermetabolism,Child nutrition disorders,Eating habits}, url = {https://ijns.sums.ac.ir/article_43460.html}, eprint = {https://ijns.sums.ac.ir/article_43460_e8bf6bc2c2f6a16d085add721b0964ec.pdf} } @article { author = {Shahriari, Sahar and Eftekhari, Mohammad Hasan and Jeddi, Marjan}, title = {The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation in Overweight or Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency and Dyslipidemia}, journal = {International Journal of Nutrition Sciences}, volume = {3}, number = {4}, pages = {185-191}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2538-1873}, eissn = {2538-2829}, doi = {10.30476/ijns.2019.82643.1021}, abstract = {Background: Vitamin D supplementation was shown to reduce obesityrelated oxidative stress and inflammation among overweight or obese people as well as improving glycemic control and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients. This study was conducted to determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic biomarkers, oxidative stress and systemic inflammation in overweight or obese T2D patients with vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia.Methods: In this randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, 60 individuals with T2D, vitamin D deficiency and BMI greater than 25 kg/m2 were randomly divided in two groups to receive either vitamin D (50000 IU, once a week) or placebo (1000 mg corn oil, oncea week) for eight weeks. At the entry and end of study, blood samples were collected to evaluate serum high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) malondialdehyde (MDA), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides (TG).Results: At the end of the study, serum FBS (P=0.04), TG (P=0.02) and hs-CRP (P=0.02) levels significantly decreased in the vitamin D supplemented group in comparison to the control group. Supplementation with vitamin D was associated with significant improvements in serum 25 –OH vitamin D levels when compared to the control group.Conclusion: This study indicates that eight weeks supplementation of vitamin D may improve lipid, glycemic and inflammatory indices in overweight or obese T2D patients with vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia.}, keywords = {Vitamin D,diabetes mellitus,Dyslipidemia,Obesity,Inflammation}, url = {https://ijns.sums.ac.ir/article_45388.html}, eprint = {https://ijns.sums.ac.ir/article_45388_ba83b3587a35706b92a07be5f1e2eb4a.pdf} } @article { author = {Momeni, Mahsa and Akhlaghi, Masoumeh and Ahmadi, Afsaneh and Faghih, Shiva}, title = {Undesirable Knowledge and Practice of Mothers about Under 2 Years Old Children Nutrition are Related to Socio- Economic Factors in Shiraz, Southern Iran}, journal = {International Journal of Nutrition Sciences}, volume = {3}, number = {4}, pages = {192-197}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2538-1873}, eissn = {2538-2829}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: The assessment of mother's knowledge and practice aboutchild nutritional requirement is important in identification of the educationneeds. This research was conducted to assess the knowledge and practice of mothers about nutrition of children under 2 years of age and its relationship with socioeconomic factors in Shiraz health care centers, southern Iran. Methods: In this descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study, 201 motherswith at list one under 2 years old child were selected by systematic random sampling from health centers in Shiraz, southern Iran. Knowledge and practice of mothers about the type and time of providing supplementary foods for the infants were assessed using a validated questionnaire via face to face interview. Also demographic and socioeconomic information were asked. Pearson correlation coefficient and ANOVA tests were used for data analysis. All analyses were performed using SPSS version 19. Results: According to the findings of this study, 11.4% of mothers had alow level of knowledge and 29.4% of them had a desirable practice. Weobserved significant relationship between knowledge and job (P=0.002)and level of education ( P<0.001), also between practice and job (P=0.01) and level of education (P=0.046). we observed that mother's knowledge has significant positive correlation with mother's practice (r=0.6, P=0.001). Conclusion: Since the knowledge of high percentage of mothers wasmoderate, and a high percentage of them had undesirable practice,continuing overall effort to increase mother's nutritional knowledge andpractice in order to prevention of infants malnutrition seems to be necessary.}, keywords = {Knowledge,Practice,Mother,Socioeconomic,Supplementary nutrition}, url = {https://ijns.sums.ac.ir/article_43462.html}, eprint = {https://ijns.sums.ac.ir/article_43462_555f6d22f0c9dd7378403d5dbbbe12f1.pdf} } @article { author = {Rahmdel, Samane and Sadat Moezzi, Maryam and Azimzadeh, Negar and Hosseinzadeh, Saeid}, title = {PCR Detection of Coxiella Burnetii in Bovine Bulk Tank Milk Samples in Shiraz, Southern Iran}, journal = {International Journal of Nutrition Sciences}, volume = {3}, number = {4}, pages = {198-201}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2538-1873}, eissn = {2538-2829}, doi = {10.30476/ijns.2019.82644.1022}, abstract = {Background: Q fever is a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, an obligate intracellular organism. In Iran, healthy cattle are the main reservoirs of these microorganisms. The consumption of milk and non-pasteurized dairy products is considered as a common way for transmission of infection from livestock to humans. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of C. burnetii in bovine bulk milk samples from dairy herds in Shiraz, southern Iran. Methods: A total of 100 bulk milk samples were collected from 20 traditional and 80 industrial dairy herds in Shiraz, southern Iran. The samples were then evaluated for the presence of the gene IS1111 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results: Three out of 100 raw milk samples (3%) were contaminated with C. burnetii. The prevalence rate in traditional and industrial dairy herds was 10 % (two samples) and 1.2 % (one sample), respectively. Conclusion: The bovine raw milk can be a potential source of C. burnetii in Shiraz, southern Iran. Implementation of good hygienic practices on dairy farms, as well as the avoidance of consumption of raw milk and non-pasteurized dairy products is crucial to reduce the risk of infection transmission.}, keywords = {PCR,Coxiella burnetii,Milk,Dairy cow,Iran}, url = {https://ijns.sums.ac.ir/article_45389.html}, eprint = {https://ijns.sums.ac.ir/article_45389_d20ff126b2e3c66959d8a109fd82ee30.pdf} } @article { author = {Dehghan Manshadi, Afsaneh and Peighambardoust, Seyed Hadi and Azadmard-Damirchi, Sodeif and Niakousari, Mehrdad}, title = {Storage Stability and Physicochemical Properties of Flaxseed Oil Microemulsions Stabilized with N-Octenylsuccinate-Derived Starch and Sodium Caseinate}, journal = {International Journal of Nutrition Sciences}, volume = {3}, number = {4}, pages = {202-211}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2538-1873}, eissn = {2538-2829}, doi = {10.30476/ijns.2019.82645.1023}, abstract = {Background: Flaxseed oil is one of the richest sources of omega-3. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different wall materials, weight ratio (WR) and storage time on physicochemical properties and storage stability of flaxseed oil microemulsions. Methods: Encapsulation efficiency and emulsion oxidative stability were measured. Fatty acid composition of oil extracted from emulsions was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). Particle size distribution and morphology of microemulsions were measured by dynamic laser scattering (DLS) technique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Results: The maximum encapsulation efficiency of 95.8% was obtained in the emulsion with the highest n-octenylsuccinate-derivatized (n-OSA) starch content. Increasing n-OSA starch concentration led to a higher microencapsulation efficiency and a lower lipid oxidation. Increasing n-OSA starch/sodium caseinate ratio led to a decrease in peroxide values and thiobarbituric acid contents. GC-FID results showed a superior stability of ω-3 fatty acids and improved nutritional quality in microencapsulated flaxseed oil upon storage. The average droplet size distribution of emulsions ranged from 428 to 728 nm. An increase in total solid content with the same oil concentration led to smaller droplets size. Morphological study performed by SEM confirmed the results obtained by DLS technique. Conclusion: Our findings have important implications for the design and utilization of emulsions as delivery systems for food enrichment.}, keywords = {Flaxseed oil,Microemulsion,n-octenylsuccinate-derivatized starch,Sodium caseinate,Gas chromatography}, url = {https://ijns.sums.ac.ir/article_45390.html}, eprint = {https://ijns.sums.ac.ir/article_45390_22ef8078f5ee821e8fde9edea4d523cc.pdf} } @article { author = {Amini, Masood and Zare, Afshin and Sobhani, Zahra and Hashemi, Seyedeh Sara and Vafa, Leila}, title = {The Effect of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on Serum Iron Level}, journal = {International Journal of Nutrition Sciences}, volume = {3}, number = {4}, pages = {212-215}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2538-1873}, eissn = {2538-2829}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background: Sleeve gastrectomy surgery is effective in limiting foodintake and sometimes unknown and hormonal causes in weight loss.After the bariatric surgery, patients may be exposed to nutritionaldeficiencies, especially iron deficiency. Regarding the importance of ironin body metabolism, this study aimed to investigate the effect of SleeveGastrectomy surgery on the level of serum iron deficiency anemia. Methods: This cross-sectional study of 218 patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy surgery for obesity from April 2017 to July 2018 in Shiraz Ghadir Mother & Child Hospital, which were studied in a quarterly period. The indications of the surgery were having BMI> 40 or between 35 and 39.9, which were associated with an co morbid disease. Serum levels of hemoglobin, iron, and ferritin before and three months after the surgery were evaluated. Results: The mean±SD of serum iron level in women ranged from 68.8±1.91 to 65.9±2.7 and in mean±SD from 74.6±5.32 to 71.7±2.8, and the mean serum ferritin level in women was from 56.1±5.5 to 43.2±6.1, and in males, from 61.9±9.7 to 47.3±8.2, and the mean±SD of serum hemoglobin level in both women and men was from 11.8±0.13 to 12.7±0.09 to 10.7±0.12 to 11.7±0.08 and from 12.7±0.09 to 11.8±0.13 to 11.7±0.08 to 10.7±0.12, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that due to the reductionof the level of iron, after the sleeve gastrectomy surgery, the iron level of the patients should be regularly checked in order to be able to administer adequate supplements and to adjust the diet which is rich in iron to prevent anemia and its effects.}, keywords = {Anemia,iron deficiency,Sleeve gastrectomy surgery}, url = {https://ijns.sums.ac.ir/article_43465.html}, eprint = {https://ijns.sums.ac.ir/article_43465_b58d72c0e6252841d9c7d0e7d6bf1098.pdf} } @article { author = {Mojab, Seyed Vahid and Amini, Masood and Sobhani, Zahra and Moein Vaziri, Nader}, title = {The Knowledge of Medical Students on Practical Aspects of Exercise in Prevention and Treatment of Diseases}, journal = {International Journal of Nutrition Sciences}, volume = {3}, number = {4}, pages = {216-220}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2538-1873}, eissn = {2538-2829}, doi = {10.30476/ijns.2019.82647.1024}, abstract = {Background: Humans now face epidemics of non-infectious diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease, as the main cause sedentary life style. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge of medical students about practical aspects of exercise in prevention and treatment of diseases. Methods: One hundred and fifty interns of Iran University of Medical Sciences who were graduated during 2007-2008 were enrolled. The average age of participants was 26±5 years including 65 men (49%) and 67 woman (51%). A validated and reliable questionnaire with 20 questions was designed and based on the correct response of each intern; a score of 0-20 was considered. Results: The average scores determined by interns in the first study with standard deviations, modes and median were 2.7, 9.5 and 9.75, respectively and the minimum, maximum and average score of interns were 2, 16 and 9.75, respectively with standard deviation of 3.12 in the second study. There was a 3-hour course for medical students in sport medicine in the second study, but the results did not show significant differences with the first study. Conclusion: The knowledge of these students was not sufficient about practical aspects of exercise in prevention and treatment of diseases, and it is suggested that medical education authorities prepare this field by providing at least one multi-day training workshop during an internship and or providing students in hospital departments or an independent sports unit at the end of a medical training course.}, keywords = {Knowledge,Medical student,Physical Activity,Disease,Iran}, url = {https://ijns.sums.ac.ir/article_45391.html}, eprint = {https://ijns.sums.ac.ir/article_45391_53d6858ed7d720758992835f13eb4c93.pdf} }