Background: Diabetes is considered as the foremost cause of morbidity and mortality. This study determined the effect of aqueous extract of Cymbopogon Citratus on blood glucose level, lipid profile and histology of diabetic rats. 
Methods: One gram of C. citratus dissolved in 10 mL of distilled water was used to prepare 100 mgmL-1 stock of the extract; while intra-gastric tube (attached to a syringe) was utilized to administer the extract for the 21 days treatment. Alloxan was used to induce diabetes in rats. Twenty Wistar rats were equally and randomly assigned to three groups. Group 1 was treated with 400 mg/kg of C. citratus extract, group 2 with 800 mg/kg of C. citratus, group 3 with 500 μg/kg of glibenclamide, and control group (negative control) that was left untreated. For all animals, blood glucose level, lipid profile, and histopathology examination were undertaken. 
Results: Treatment with 400 mgkg-1 of C. citratus extract showed 58.84% decrease in blood glucose level, while the blood glucose level of diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide (500 μg/kg) decreased to 61.19%. A significant decrease (89.5%) was observed in low density lipoproteincholesterol (LDL-C) level after treatment with 800 mgkg-1 of C. citratus and glibenclamide, while treatment with 400mgkg-1 of C. citratus demonstrated a significant increase (35.8%) in high density lipoproteincholesterol (LDL-C) level. There was a mild fatty infiltration in glomerulus of rats treated with C. citratus (400 mgkg-1) and glibenclamide (500 μg/kg). 
Conclusion: C. citratus extract illustrated anti-hyperglycemic and antilipidemic potentials in diabetic rats with healing effects in kidney, liver and pancreas.