Causes and Health Issues of Iron Deficiency in Children: A Review

Articles in Press

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Technical College of Applied Sciences, Food Sciences and Quality Control, Halabja, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

2 Department of Eyesight Examination, Hawija Technical Institute, Northern Technical University, Iraq

3 Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Kirkuk University, Kirkuk, Iraq

10.30476/ijns.2026.106258.1433

Abstract

Iron is a crucial micronutrient vital for child growth and development, particularly during their initial two years of life who are at an increased risk of iron deficiency anemia that can delay psychomotor development as iron binds to hemoglobin and proteins like myoglobin, transferrin, and ferritin. Iron participates in collagen synthesis, vitamin D metabolism, and dopaminergic functions too. Term infants rely on iron intake after depleting their reserves by the sixth month of life. The body efficiently recycles iron, with daily losses primarily from cell desquamation, urine, sweat, and feces. The intestinal tract plays a pivotal role in iron recycling and adjusting absorption based on body needs and age groups. Causes can be delayed introduction of complementary foods, cow’s milk consumption, and dietary inhibitors like calcium and phytates. Individuals at risk of iron deficiency include preterm infants, low birth weight babies, and those with reduced gastric acidity. Prevention strategies encompass dietary modifications, iron supplementation, fortification, and biofortification. Breastfeeding, iron-containing complementary foods, and dietary diversity are recommended as preventive measures. In conclusion, this comprehensive review provides insights into the iron deficiency causes, and its profound impact on child health. Understanding these aspects is crucial for designing effective strategies to prevent and address iron deficiency globally.

Highlights

Dlkhwaz Ahmed Hama (Google Scholar)

Keywords

References

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