Individual, Parental, and Environmental Determinants of Diet Quality and Nutritional Status among Adolescents in Padang City, Indonesia

Document Type : Original Article

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Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia

10.30476/ijns.2026.110035.1634

Abstract

Background: Understanding factors that influence adolescents’ diet quality and nutritional status is essential, as this life stage shapes long-term health outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to examine individual, parental, and environmental determinants that significantly predicted dietary quality and nutritional status among adolescents in Padang City, Indonesia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 186 adolescents was conducted in Padang City, Indonesia. They were interviewed to assess individual, parental, and environmental determinants. Diet Quality Index for Adolescents (DQI-A) was used to assess dietary quality score and direct anthropometric measurements were performed to assess adolescent
nutritional status. Multivariate analysis was applied to identify the most influential variable on DQI-A score (multivariate linear regression) and nutritional status (Multinomial logistic regression).
Results: Mean score of DQI-A was 43.7±6.4 and the majority of adolescent had normal nutritional status (65.6%). Diet quality was associated with parental determinants (paternal education) and environmental determinants (availability of healthy and unhealthy food at school, food accessibility and screen time) with β coefficient -5.37 to 4.39. Individual determinants (low physical activity) and parental determinants (maternal education) was associated with higher odds of being underweight with OR 11.04 and 12.98.
Conclusion: Dietary quality and nutritional status were shaped by the interaction of individual, parental and the environmental determinants rather than by a single factor. Therefore, comprehensive interventions are needed that simultaneously improve healthy food availability at school, strengthen parental nutritional knowledge, and promote healthier lifestyle behaviours among adolescents.

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