Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
2
Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
3
School of Nursing, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
4
National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5
Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
10.30476/ijns.2025.104307.1353
Abstract
Background: Over the past few decades, the association between dietary patterns and chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors, has garnered significant attention. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between dietary patterns, lipid profile, and anthropometric indices among adults aged 30 to 75 in the rural population of Iran.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study included 5,220 participamts (3,467 females and 1,753 males) in Fasa adult rural population, Southern Iran as a cohort of Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (PERSIAN). Lipid profile and anthropometric indices were measured using standard methods. Nutritional data were collected
through a semi-quantitative, 125-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary patterns were identified through factor analysis.
Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, the mean percentages of fat, fat mass, and lean body mass were significantly higher in the highest tertile of the healthy dietary pattern when compared to the first tertile (p<0.001 for all, except for lean body mass). However, in the adjusted model, the highest tertile of the unhealthy food pattern was associated with a higher mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level (p<0.001) and a lower mean percentage of fat (p=0.025) in comparison to the first tertile.
Conclusion: This study suggests that a healthy diet may not always offer protection against cardiovascular disease risk factors. However, further prospective studies in different geographical regions are required to draw more definitive conclusions.
Highlights
Reza Homayounfar (Google Scholar)
Keywords
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